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Better play the role of basic support and regulation of coal-fired power

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During the transformation of my country's power system, the proportion of new energy such as wind power and solar energy will increase significantly, and eventually become the main power supply. In order to adapt to the operation characteristics of new energy power supply, the power system needs to be equipped with a large number of regulatory power supplies. Judging from the current technical conditions and economics, the large-scale commercial deployment of new energy storage facilities is not yet mature, and flexible and reliable coal-fired power generation is still the best choice, which requiresCoal and electricityAccelerate the development of clean and low-carbonization and improve flexible regulation capabilities.

In June 2023, the National Energy Administration issued the "Blue Book on the Development of New Power Systems" pointed out that coal-fired power, as the "ballast stone" of power security, should transform to both basic guarantee and system-regulated power. The installed capacity and power generation of coal-fired power will continue to grow moderately before 2030, and focus on coordinated and optimized layouts around large new energy bases, major load centers, and important power grid nodes.

Under the background of "dual carbon", coal-electric units have achieved transformation to clean, efficient and flexible directions through the "three reform linkage" of energy-saving and carbon reduction transformation, heating transformation and flexible transformation. The "China Power Development Report 2023" released by the General Institute of Electric Power Planning and Design shows that my country's power system flexibility continues to improve. In the first two years of the 14th Five-Year Plan, the scale of the "three reforms and linkage" transformation of coal-fired power exceeded 485 million kilowatts, completing about 81% of the "14th Five-Year Plan" target.

The coupling of "coal-electricity + energy storage" turns conventional power supplies into wide-domain adjustment power supplies, realizes the transformation of regulatory power supplies, and improves the grid-related performance of thermal power units. At present, 12 provinces across the country have involved in relevant policies that encourage the development of thermal power distribution and storage, mainly encouraging participation in the power auxiliary service market. Relevant data shows that in various application scenarios, the user-side energy storage and thermal power distribution and storage are relatively sufficient. As of June 2023, the user-side energy storage can complete the complete discharge every 1.2 days; thermal power can complete the complete charge and discharge on average more than two times a day.

“Coal and Electricity+CCUS"It is also highly expected. In 2023, my country's policies related to CCUS were introduced at an accelerated pace, and related companies have accelerated the layout of demonstration projects. Almost every two months, there will be good news that major demonstration projects will start or be put into production. Among them, the 500,000 tons/year CCUS project of Taizhou Power Generation Co., Ltd., which was put into operation in June 2023, attracted the most attention. This project is the largest coal-fired power CCUS project in Asia. Its successful commissioning marks the increasing maturity of my country's large-scale coal-fired power CCUS technology, laying a solid foundation for my country's subsequent large-scale carbon dioxide capture and utilization. In addition, the "Coal-fired Power + CCUS" project has also been applied in small scenarios and has been steadily promoted overall, but problems such as low total capture capacity, high project operation costs, and narrow product application scenarios still exist, and key problems still need to be continued.

At the same time, the coal-fired unit's biomass fuel has also been reconsidered, but due to the small policy support, the decline in domestic coal prices will make it both "working" and "lossing" to blend biomass in power plants. The subsequent acceptance and expansion of this model still needs to be paid attention to.

According to the description of the "Blue Book on the Development of New Power Systems", the long-term development of coal-fired power will change. In the future, we must develop wind, light, water, fire storage integration projects, coal-fire and power joint ventures, port and power integration and other projects based on the corresponding scenarios to achieve multi-energy complementarity. The new development mode of "coal, power +" is worth discussing and practicing.

In recent years, due to multiple factors such as high coal prices,Coal and power enterprisesThere are major losses. Since 2023, the price of electric coal has fluctuated and downward. In addition, the trading electricity prices of coal-fired generator sets have risen in the market, and the losses of coal-fired power companies have eased. However, the price of electric coal is still at a relatively high level overall, and the electricity price has not yet fully covered the power generation cost, and coal-fired power companies have not yet turned losses into profits as a whole. With the continuous expansion of new energy installed capacity, the capacity utilization rate of coal-electric units may continue to decline, resulting in a decline in yields. In addition, due to factors such as the decline in load rate and power generation, inadequate compensation for auxiliary services, and difficulty in ensuring investment returns, the lack of motivation for the implementation of the "three reforms and linkage" of coal-power units is not conducive to the exploration and innovation of the flexible resource potential of coal-power, and restricting the development of the industry.

Capacity electricity price policy is conducive to maintaining the stable operation of coal-fired power enterprises and orderly guide investment in power generation capacity, providing favorable conditions for the transformation of coal-fired power development model. The industry believes that the introduction of this policy is expected to solve the profit problems caused by low coal-fired power utilization, thereby promoting large-scale implementation of flexible transformation. However, Shandong, Guangdong and Yunnan, which are currently implementing capacity electricity price policies, also have certain differences in capacity electricity price policies due to the different energy structures and power supply and demand in different provinces, and capacity electricity prices may affect the binding nature of the coal contract. Overall, the industry has not yet unified its understanding of it. If relevant assessment mechanisms are to be introduced in the future, the specific implementation remains to be seen.

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